Which of the following can create barriers to health care access?

Financial constraints create significant barriers to health care access as they can limit an individual's ability to afford the costs associated with medical care. This includes not only the direct costs of services, such as consultations and treatments, but also related expenses like transportation to health facilities and medications. When individuals face financial hardship, they may delay or forgo necessary care, leading to worse health outcomes. This makes financial constraints a critical factor that affects people's ability to seek and receive adequate health care.

In contrast, increased health literacy enhances individuals' understanding of health information, allowing them to make informed decisions about their care. Improved public transportation facilitates easier access to health services, making it more convenient for individuals to reach medical facilities. Community health initiatives typically aim to promote wellness and preventive care, ultimately reducing barriers and improving access to health services.